Surprise: a lump-sum contribution is likely to result in more money, even though you forgo government grants. Plus, reassurance for blended families who want to hold a family RESP with both parents as joint subscribers.
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Q. We have had a family RESP for many years with three beneficiaries: a son of mine from a previous marriage and two kids of our own. I have been the only subscriber for the RESP as it is my understanding that in order for there to be joint subscribers (that is, myself and my wife), all beneficiaries must have a blood relationship with all subscribers. That rules out my wife as a joint subscriber, as she obviously does not have a blood relationship with my son from my prior marriage.
If my understanding above is correct, how does it work if I want to name a successor subscriber in my will? Can I name my wife, as she would then be the sole subscriber in the event of my passing? If not, who could I appoint?
–Bill
A. Bill, you’re good. Your wife can be a joint subscriber without literally being a “blood relative.” Here’s confirmation from the Government of Canada website, in sections 4(f) and (g).
Joint subscribers can be the parents, guardians; spouses or common-law spouses.
With that cleared up, I need to ask: Have you given any thought as to RESP contribution strategies?
Most people aim to contribute $2,500 a year, in order to maximize the annual grant of $500, which is 20% of $2,500.
Over the life of the RESP, the maximum grant per child is $7,200, requiring total contributions of $36,000. You can contribute up to $50,000 per child, if you like, but the additional $14,000 is not eligible for government grants.
The table below shows a few different contributing strategies and outcomes for a family with an income of $100,000 a year. In all cases, contributions stopped at a total of $36,000.
| 2020 start | SCENARIO A
$2,500 x 14 years + $1,000 |
SCENARIO B
Wait 3 years to start |
SCENARIO C
$36,000 lump sum in year 1 |
SCENARIO D
$2,500 x 8 years + $16,000 |
| Deposits | $36,000 | $36,000 | $36,000 | $36,000 |
| Growth (5% return) | $36,853 | $26,187 | $53,158 | $37325 |
| Government grant | $7,200 | $7,200 | $1,000 | $7,200 |
| 2038 total | $80,053 | $69,387 | $90,158 | $80,525 |
Now, let’s walk through these results.
You probably have questions. In Scenario C, for instance, why does a contribution of $36,000 result in only $1,000 worth of grant money?
The maximum grant paid in any year is $1,000 based on 20% of a $5,000 contribution. Of the $5,000 contribution, $2,500 is considered this year’s contribution and the other $2,500 is considered a past year’s contribution, if you have a past grant to catch up on.
You cannot collect all future grants with one lump sum payment.
However, in the example above making a $36,000 lump-sum contribution provided the most money because it was growing at a rate high enough to overcome the absence of guaranteed grants.
The table below shows that with a 3% return on investments, the lump-sum approach is about equal to making regular annual contributions of $2,500, which would allow you to collect the maximum amount of government grant money.
| 2020 start | SCENARIO A
$2,500 x 14 years + $1,000 |
SCENARIO B
$36,000 initial deposit |
| Deposits | $36,000 | $36,000 |
| Growth (3% return) | $19,282 | $26,461 |
| Grant | $7,200 | $1,000 |
| 2038 total | $62,482 | $63,461 |
We’ve established that you forgo government grant money by making a lump-sum RESP contribution, but can actually end up ahead through the growth of your investment over time. So, let’s look at how $50,000—the absolute lifetime maximum—in a lump sum would perform over time. I know for most young families this isn’t possible, given all the other competing demands for their money. However, I often see grandparents helping, or there may be an inheritance; and there are the lucky few with high incomes who have maximized their RRSPs and TFSAs, and are looking for another tax shelter.
Yes, an RESP is another tax shelter. The money grows tax-deferred and when it is withdrawn the growth and grants are taxed in the hands of your child, who will be at a lower tax rate than you. Remember, not all RESP money has to be used for education (only grant money not used for post-secondary education must be returned to the government).
The table below shows a few different ways you could contribute $50,000 to a RESP.
| 2020 start | SCENARIO A
$50,000 lump sum |
SCENARIO B
$16,500 lump sum, then $2,500 x 13 years + $1,000 |
SCENARIO C
$2,500 x 14 years, then $15,000 lump sum |
SCENARIO D
$2,500 x 10 years, then $15,000 lump sum + $2,500 x 4 years |
| Deposits | $50,000 | $50,000 | $50,000 | $50,000 |
| Growth (5% return) | $73,272 | $57,528 | $40,721 | $45,286 |
| Grant | $1,000 | $7,200 | $7,200 | $7,200 |
| 2038 Total | $124,272 | $114,728 | $97,921 | $102,486 |
Again, the strategy of making an initial deposit of $50,000 and foregoing most of the grant money produces the best results when earning a 5% return (Scenario A). A cautious person may prefer to start with a lump sum of $16,500 (Scenario B) to capture all of the grants.
The obvious thing is that if you are going to make a lump-sum deposit, the sooner the better. This is no different than any other investing advice: the sooner you start, the more time your money will have to grow; and the bigger your initial deposit, the better.
Bill, I know I’ve deviated from your original question, but I find most people don’t give much to RESP contribution strategies and I thought you might find it interesting—and, hopefully, helpful as well.
Allan Norman is a Certified Financial Planner with Atlantis Financial Inc. and can be reached at www.atlantisfinancial.ca or [email protected]
This commentary is provided as a general source of information and is intended for Canadian residents only. Allan offers financial planning and insurance services through Atlantis Financial Inc.
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Good article.
The only problem I see in your theory is that you assume a 5% Return every year with the lump sum.
The governement Grant is guaranteed money even if the markets are down.
Much Safer to go with Strategy A.
Why look at just what happens in the RESP account though? How about the scenario where I have the money (36000k) for a lump sum deposit today, but choose to deposit 2500k+grant every year in my kid’s RESP while investing the rest in an unregistered (or ideally in a TFSA) account? Isn’t it misleading to ignore growth outside of the RESP?
Due to the large volume of comments we receive, we regret that we are unable to respond directly to each one. We invite you to email your question to [email protected], where it will be considered for a future response by one of our expert columnists. For personal advice, we suggest consulting with your financial institution or a qualified advisor.
Hi,is thea penality for over contributing to RESP?
Due to the large volume of comments we receive, we regret that we are unable to respond directly to each one. We invite you to email your question to [email protected], where it will be considered for a future response by one of our expert columnists. For personal advice, we suggest consulting with your financial institution or a qualified advisor.